Major flaw in WADA's salbutamol regulations revealed by scientist who helped to create them

Professor Fitch now says that he made a "terrible blunder" and was "concerned" by cases such as Froome's.

"If I had wanted to clarify the salbutamol levels of athletes in urine after taking the permitted dose, I would have done multiple studies, administering different doses and collecting urine over a period of time, not just once an hour later," Fitch continued.

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However Professor Fitch says that there should be doubt over previous cases involving salbutamol, such as that of Italian sprinter Alessandro Petacchi who served a one-year ban following a test at the 2007 Giro d'Italia.

A major flaw in the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) regulations surrounding salbutamol has been revealed by a scientist who helped to come up with them.

"The sport with the highest prevalence was swimming so that’s who we tested," Professor Fitch, from the University of Western Australia, explained.

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Chris Froome's urine sample taken after stage 18 of the Vuelta a España is thought to have had a salbutamol concentration of 1429ng/ml.

Responding to the questions raised about the current regulations surrounding salbutamol, WADA's head of science Dr Oliver Rabin told the Guardian that the organisation had "no reason to question the rules [and] can see no reason that previous cases have not been handled fairly."

Speaking to The Times on Wednesday, two days after an anti-doping investigation into Chris Froome was dropped after Froome's legal team demonstrated the likelihood of false positives under the current regulations, Professor Ken Fitch explained that the rules as they stand were based on studies of swimmers so do not take into account the dehydration of cyclists after a long race.

"But what happens after an hour of swimming? A full bladder. Cycling for five hours is completely different, you have little but quite concentrated urine. And a major error with our studies was that we did not measure the urine for specific gravity."

Based on Professor Fitch's study, WADA introduced a dosage limit for salbutamol and other similar drugs of 1,600 micrograms per 24 hours and a "decision limit" of 1,200 nanograms of salbutamol per millilitre of urine, above which an anti-doping investigation would be instigated.

"Petacchi was innocent," Fitch continued. "They [Wada] have to accept that the rules need changing,”

"A number have been carried out... but they have shown the problem that the metabolism and excretion of salbutamol is capricious."